Comorbidity is a disease process coexisting with COPD and is probably due to common risk factors. Systemic effects and/or comorbidities are important events in the natural history of the disease and have a capacity to increase the morbidity, economic burden, and mortality of COPD.
Exacerbations and comorbidities contribute to the overall severity in individual patients. It is characterized by a persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response, in the airways and the lung, to noxious particles or gases. The global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) defines COPD as a common preventable and treatable disease. We need large prospective studies to discern the association between anemia and COPD. Anemia in COPD is associated with greater healthcare resource utilization, impaired quality of life, decreased survival, and a greater likelihood of hospitalization. ACD is driven by COPD-mediated systemic inflammation. Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is probably the most common type of anemia associated with COPD. The prevalence of anemia in patients with COPD varies from 7.5% to 33%.
Recently, anemia has been recognized as a frequent comorbidity in COPD patients. Cardiac diseases, lung cancer, osteoporosis, and depression are common comorbidities reported for COPD. Comorbidities are important events in the natural history of the disease and have a negative effect on the morbidity and mortality of COPD patients. COPD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable lifestyle-related disease with high global prevalence.
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